2. al-Jihad no. 28 (March 1987), pp. 28–32.
3. Author’s telephone interview with Alastair Crooke, 23 March 2008.
4. Zaidan, The “Afghan Arabs” Media, p. 69.
6. Azzam, al-duktur al-shahid, p. 64. Aziz, ‘‘abdallah ‘azzam wa juhuduhu’, p. 6.
7. FBIS, ‘Compilation’, p. 125.
9. Author’s interview with Abu Harith, Amman, 8 May 2008.
10. Author’s telephone interview with Jamal Khashoggi, 14 September 2018.
11. fi ‘uyun mu‘asira, pp. 53 and 58.
12. ‘Discovery of an Explosive Device in the Arabs’ Mosque in Peshawar’, al-Jihad no. 61 (November 1989), p. 13. Abu Rumman and Sa‘id, al-‘alim, p. 16; Amir, al-shaykh al-mujahid, p. 63; Azzam, al-duktur al-shahid, p. 206. FBIS, ‘Compilation’, p. 125.
13. fi ‘uyun mu‘asira, pp. 125–137. Jarrar, al-shahid, p. 211. al-Bunyan al-Marsus no. 30 (February 1990), pp. 6–7. Abu Hilala, awwal al-afghan al-‘arab, part 1, at 2’40’’ and 6’46’’.
14. Jarrar, al-shahid, p. 211.
15. Miniter, Mastermind, p. 110.
16. Author’s interview with Ahmad Zaidan, Islamabad, 18 March 2008.
17. Bergen, The Osama Bin Laden I Know, p. 97. Author’s interview with Jamal Isma‘il, Islamabad, 21 March 2008.
18. Bergen, The Osama Bin Laden I Know, p. 97.
19. FBIS, ‘Compilation’, p. 125.
20. Joby Warrick, The Triple Agent: The al-Qaeda Mole who Infiltrated the CIA (New York: Doubleday, 2011), p. 82; see also ‘Interview with Abu Dujana al-Khorasani’, al-Sahab media, posted on al-Tahaddi forum, 28 February 2010, http://www.atahadi.com/vb/showthread.php?t=13625 (last accessed 28 February 2010).
21. Warrick, The Triple Agent, p. 82.
22. Author’s interview with Hudhayfa Azzam, Amman, 11 September 2006; Azzam, al-duktur al-shahid, p. 98.
23. Coll, Ghost Wars, pp. 136 and 139.
24. Bergen, The Osama Bin Laden I Know, p. 92. Ahmad Zaidan also mentions Mossad as one of two main candidates, along with KHAD: ibid., p. 97.
25. FBIS, ‘Compilation’, p. 125; see also pp. 5, 8, and 14. 26. Ronen Bergman, Rise and Kill First: The Secret History of Israel’s Targeted Assassinations (New York: Random House, 2018), p. xxii.
27. Author’s interview with Bruce Hoffman, Amman, 29 October 2015.
28. ‘The Mossad and Imad Mughniyeh’, Jerusalem Post, 19 February 2008.
29. Bergman, Rise and Kill First, p. 412.
30. Bergen, The Osama Bin Laden I Know, p. 93.
31. Ibid., p. 94.
32. Ibid., p. 95.
33. mawsu‘at al-jihad, pp. 521–527.
34. Tomsen, The Wars of Afghanistan, pp. 387–388.
35. Author’s interview with Prince Turki al-Faisal, Princeton, 12 November 2009.
36. Bergen, The Osama Bin Laden I Know, p. 97.
37. Dorronsoro, Revolution Unending, p. 158.
38. Lohbeck, Holy War, Unholy Victory, p. 128.
39. Ibid., p. 236.
40. Coll, Ghost Wars, pp. 181–182.
41. al-Qandahari, dhikrayat, pp. 157–163. Ali bin Ibrahim al-Nimla, al-jihad wa’l-mujahidun fi afghanistan [Jihad and Mujahidin in Afghanistan] (Riyadh: Maktabat al-Ubaykan, 1994), pp. 55–59.
42. Hamid and Farrall, The Arabs, p. 83.
43. Tomsen, The Wars of Afghanistan, pp. 384–385.
44. Author’s telephone interview with Jamal Khashoggi, 14 September 2018.
45. [No reference]
46. Bearden and Risen, The Main Enemy, p. 236.
47. Coll, Ghost Wars, p. 134.
48. Anas, wiladat, p. 61.
49. Author’s interview with Abu Harith, Amman, 8 May 2008.
50. Author’s interview with Ahmad Zaidan, Islamabad, 20 March 2008.
51. fi ‘uyun mu‘asira, p. 51. Anas, wiladat, p. 78.
52. al-Jihad nos. 50 (December 1988), 51 (January 1988), and 60 (October 1989).
54. fi ‘uyun mu‘asira, pp. 51, 72, 336, and 378–379. Hekmatyar, Secret Plans Open Faces.
55. Author’s interview with Rahimullah Yusufzai, Peshawar, 17 March 2008; author’s interview with Gilles Dorronsoro, Amman, 28 October 2015; author’s interview with Sami‘ al-Haq, Akora Khattak, 21 March 2008; Bergen, The Osama Bin Laden I Know, p. 97.
56. Yousaf and Adkin, Afghanistan: The Bear Trap, p. 12.
57. Lohbeck, Holy War, Unholy Victory, p. 191; see also pp. 54 and 206. Ibid., p. 251.
58. Amir, al-shaykh al-mujahid, pp. 200 ff.
59. Interview with Vahid Mojdeh conducted by Anne Stenersen, Kabul, 18 October 2009.
60. fi ‘uyun mu‘asira, p. 363–365.
61. Author’s interview with Abdallah Anas, London, 28 March 2012.
62. fi ‘uyun mu‘asira, p. 363.
63. Ibid., p. 365.
64. Yousaf and Adkin, Afghanistan: The Bear Trap, pp. 146–147.
65. Coll, Ghost Wars, pp. 132–133.
66. Ibid., p. 135.
67. Interview with Vahid Mojdeh conducted by Anne Stenersen, Kabul, 18 October 2009.
68. Hamid and Farrall, The Arabs, p. 166.
69. Email correspondence with Hein G. Kiessling, 6 November 2017.
70. Nasser al-Haqbani, ‘Exclusive – Sayyaf to Asharq al-Awsat: I KnowWho Killed Azzam’, al-Sharq al-Awsat English Online, 20 February 2018.
71. Abu Rumman and Sa‘id, al-‘alim, pp. 125–134; Amir, al-shaykh al-mujahid, pp. 135–136.
72. Hatina, ‘Warrior Saints’, Kindle version, location 4768 ff.
73. Abu Rumman and Sa‘id, al-‘alim, p. 149.
74. fi ‘uyun mu‘asira, pp. 88 and 128.
75. Azzam, al-duktur al-shahid, p. 216.
76. Ibid., pp. 217–218.
77. Abu Rumman and Sa‘id, al-‘alim, p. 149.
78. Hatina, ‘Warrior Saints’, Kindle version, location 4787–4792.
79. fi ‘uyun mu‘asira, pp. 46–84 and 120.
80. Ibid., p. 350.
81. Bergen, The Osama Bin Laden I know, p. 96.
82. Ibid., pp. 132 and 284; Amir, al-shaykh al-mujahid, p. 305.
83. al-Bunyan al-Marsus no. 30 (February 1990), pp. 16–17.
84. fi ‘uyun mu‘asira, p. 351.
85. Ibid., pp. 335–336.
86. Azzam, al-duktur al-shahid, p. 147.
87. fi ‘uyun mu‘asira, p. 89 and 349.
88. Ibid., p. 272.
89. Maliach, ‘Abdullah Azzam, al-Qaeda, and Hamas’, p. 88. Amir, al-shaykh al-mujahid, pp. 159–160; Abu Rumman and Sa‘id, al-‘alim, pp. 135–136.
90. Rougier, Everyday Jihad, p. 70.
91. fi ‘uyun mu‘asira, p. 377.
92. Anas and Hussain, To the Mountains, p. 210.
93. Zaidan, The “Afghan Arabs” Media, p. 14.
94. Anas and Hussain, To the Mountains, p. 116.
95. Author’s interview with Jamal Isma‘il, Islamabad, 21 March 2008.
96. Author’s interview with Jamal Isma‘il, Islamabad, 21 March 2008. Author’s interview with Noman Benothman, London, 29 September 2010.
97. Azzam, al-duktur al-shahid, p. 221; author’s interview with Jamal Isma‘il, Islamabad, 20 March 2008.
98. Author’s interview with Jamal Isma‘il, Islamabad, 21 March 2008.
99. Author’s interview with Jamal Isma‘il, Islamabad, 21 March 2008.
100. Azzam, al-duktur al-shahid, p. 222.
101. fi ‘uyun mu‘asira, p. 190.
102. al-Jihad no. 82 (September 1991), p. 16.
103. Author’s interview with Jamal Isma‘il, Islamabad, 21 March 2008; Azzam, al-duktur al-shahid, p. 222.
104. Anas and Hussain, To the Mountains, p. 116. Gerald Posner, Why America Slept: The Failure to Prevent 9/11 (New York: Ballantine Books, 2003), pp. 8–10.
105. Anas and Hussain, To the Mountains, p. 236.
106. Author’s interview with Jamal Isma‘il, Islamabad, 21 March 2008.
107. Author’s interview with Jamal Isma‘il, Islamabad, 21 March 2008.
108. Hamid and Farrall, The Arabs, p. 172.
109. Anas, wiladat, p. 90.
110. Bergen, The Osama Bin Laden I Know, p. 85.
111. Li, ‘Taking the Place of Martyrs’, p. 16.
112. Salah, waqa’i‘ sanawat al-jihad, p. 113.
113. Author’s interview with Kamal al-Helbawy, London, 23 March 2008.
114. Author’s interview with Jamal Isma‘il, Islamabad, 21 March 2008.
115. Thomas Hegghammer, ‘Jihadi Salafis or Revolutionaries? On Theology and Politics in the Study of Militant Islamism’, in Global Salafism: Islam’s New Religious Movement, ed. Roel Meijer (New York: Columbia University Press, 2009), 244–266.
116. “Letter from the wife of the martyr Abdallah Azzam to the leaders of the Afghan mujahidin” and her “Open letter from the wife of the martyr Abdallah Azzam to the Women’s Islamic conference in America and Sweden”: mawsu’at al-dhakha’ir, vol. 2, pp. 373–375.
117. Ibid., pp. 38 and 40–41; fi ‘uyun mu‘asira, pp. 165–170.
118. Yusuf al-Azm, ‘al-shahid ‘abdallah ‘azzam: wuduh al-ru’ya wa sidq al-sira’ [The Martyr Abdallah Azzam: Clarity of Vision and Sincerity of Conduct], al-Sabil, 8 August 1995, p. 2. I thank Joas Wagemakers for sharing this document.
119. Neighbour, The Mother of Mohammed, p. 186.
120. Ibid., p. 193.
121. al-Dahshan, ‘juhud al-duktur’, p. 31.
122. Azzam, al-duktur al-shahid, p. 244.
123. Steven Emerson’s 1994 PBS documentary ‘Terrorists among us: Jihad in America’.
124. Emerson, American Jihad, pp. 11–12. Author’s interview with Hudhayfa Azzam, Amman, 11 September 2006.
125. Ibid., pp. 62 and 64–72.
126. Ibid., pp. 71–72.
127. Ibid., p. 73.
128. Ibid., pp. 76–77.
129. Al Shafey, ‘Asharq al-Awsat Interviews Umm Mohammed’; ‘liqa’ zawjat al-shahid’.
130. Rosen, Aftermath, p. 132.
131. Ibid.
132. Fitzgerald, ‘The Son of the Father of Jihad’.
133. Anas and Hussain, To the Mountains, pp. 141, 235, 237–238; author’s interview with Abdallah Anas, London, 28 March 2012.
134. Hussein, ‘Jihad, Then and Now’.
135. ‘Jordanian Guantanamo Prisoner Released’, UPI, 14 August 2004.
The Caravan 
