1. Abdallah Azzam, ‘ya muslimiy al-‘alam: intabahu’ [Muslims of the World: Pay Attention], al-Mujtama‘ no. 635 (30 August 1983), p. 26.
2. Azzam, al-duktur al-shahid, p. 17. Abu Mujahid, al-shahid, p. 1.
3. Author’s interview with Fayiz Azzam, al-Sila al-Harithiyya, 4 May 2008; Azzam, al-duktur al-shahid, pp. 16 and 31.
4. Jarrar, al-shahid, p. 350.
5. Ibid., p. 61.
6. Ibid., p. 27.
7. Ibid., p. 61.
8. Al Shafey, ‘Asharq al-Awsat Interviews Umm Mohammed’.
9. Jarrar, al-shahid, p. 34.
10. Ibid., pp. 34–35.
11. ‘“al-hamdu li’llah rabb al-‘alamayn”, kanat awwal kalima nataqat biha ba‘d sama‘i khabar istishhad zawji wa abna’i’ [‘Praise be to God’ was the First Word I Uttered after Hearing the News of the Martyrdom of my Husband and Sons], al-Sabil, 2 December 1997. Thanks to Joas Wagemakers for sharing this source.
12. ‘The Words of Abdallah Azzam’, n.d., p. 62.
13. Abu al-Shaqra’ al-Hindukushi, ‘min kabul ila baghdad’ [From Kabul to Baghdad], 2007, Part 3.
14. Al Shafey, ‘Asharq al-Awsat Interviews Umm Mohammed’.
15. ‘The Words of Abdallah Azzam’, pp. 53–54.
16. fi ‘uyun mu‘asira, p. 278. Abu Rumman and Sa‘id, al-‘alim, pp. 150–151; Amir, al-shaykh al-mujahid, p. 55; and Jarrar, al-shahid, p. 21.
17. Nabil Mouline, The Clerics of Islam: Religious Authority and Political Power in Saudi Arabia (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2014), p. 222.
18. Hawa, hadhihi tajribati, p. 95.
19. Aziz, ‘‘abdallah ‘azzam wa juhuduhu’, p. 152.
20. Stéphane Lacroix, Awakening Islam: The Politics of Religious Dissent in Contemporary Saudi Arabia (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2011), p. 55.
21. Henri Lauzière, The Making of Salafism: Islamic Reform in the Twentieth Century (New York: Columbia University Press, 2015).
22. Quintan Wiktorowicz, The Management of Islamic Activism: Salafis, the Muslim Brotherhood, and State Power in Jordan (New York: State University of New York Press, 2001).
23. Lacroix, Awakening Islam.
24. al-Bunyan al-Marsus no. 30 (February 1990), p. 13.
25. Azzam, al-duktur al-shahid, p. 31.
26. fi ‘uyun mu‘asira, p. 196; see also Jarrar, al-shahid, p. 22.
27. Azzam, The Lofty Mountain, p. 23.
28. ‘Sheikh Abdullah Azzam’; see also Fighel, ‘Sheikh Abdullah Azzam’; Azzam, al-duktur al-shahid, p. 32.
29. Abdullah al-Arian, Answering the Call: Popular Islamic Activism in Sadat’s Egypt (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014), pp. 86 ff.
30. Carré and Michaud, Les Frères, p. 109.
31. Ibid., p. 110.
32. Ibid., p. 109.
33. Barbara Zollner, The Muslim Brotherhood: Hasan al-Hudaybi and Ideology (London: Routledge, 2008).
34. Ashour, The De-Radicalization of Jihadists, pp. 80–86.
35. See for example Lacroix, Awakening Islam, p. 39.
36. Nishino, ‘Muhammad Qutb’s Islamist Thought’, p. 117.
37. Kepel, Muslim Extremism in Egypt.
38. Carré and Michaud, Les Frères, p. 114.
39. Kepel, Muslim Extremism in Egypt, pp. 70 ff.
40. Lawrence Wright, ‘The Man behind Bin Laden’, New Yorker, 16 September 2002.
41. Azzam, fi zilal, pp. 92–94.
42. Ibid.
43. Chris Eccel, Egypt, Islam, and Social Change: al-Azhar in Conflict and Accommodation (Berlin: Klaus Schwartz, 1984); Zeghal, Gardiens de l’Islam; Steven Barraclough, ‘al-Azhar: Between the Government and the Islamists’, Middle East Journal 52 (1998): 236–249.
44. Zohurul Bari, Re-Emergence of the Muslim Brothers in Egypt (New Delhi: Lancers Books, 1995), p. 68.
45. Rachel Scott, ‘An “Official” Islamic Response to the Egyptian al-Jihad Movement’, Journal of Political Ideologies 8, no. 1 (2003): 39–61.
46. Saad Eddin Ibrahim, ‘Anatomy of Egypt’s Militant Islamic Groups: Methodological Notes and Preliminary Findings’, International Journal of Middle East Studies 12 (1980): 423–453.
47. Zeghal, Gardiens de l’Islam, pp. 141 ff.
48. Ibid., p. 128.
49. Ibid., pp. 132 ff.
50. Ibid., p. 133.
51. Ahmed Abdalla, The Student Movement and National Politics in Egypt, 1928–1973, 2nd ed. (Cairo: American University in Cairo Press, 2009).
52. Azzam, hamas, p. 50.
54. Ibid., pp. 18 and 29.
55. Azzam, The Lofty Mountain, p. 24.
56. fi ‘uyun mu‘asira, p. 171.
57. Ibid., pp. 203–204.
58. Ibid., p. 265.
59. John L. Esposito, ed., The Oxford Dictionary of Islam (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004), p. 329.
60. ‘man huwa fadilat al-shaykh ‘abd al-ghani ‘abd al-khaliq?’ [Who is Shaykh Abd al-Ghani Abd al-Khaliq?], n.d. Abu Hilala, awwal al-afghan al-‘arab, at 21’07’’ ff.
61. Azzam, al-duktur al-shahid, p. 151.
62. Ibid., p. 152.
63. The library record of Azzam’s thesis in the Jordan University Library says the thesis was printed in 1972, presumably at the very end of the year.
64. Azzam, al-duktur al-shahid, p. 32.
65. Azzam, dalalat, p. 5.
66. Ibid., p. 12.
67. Ibid., p. 14.
68. Ibid., p. 17.
69. Abu Hilala, awwal al-afghan al-‘arab, at 21’35’’ ff.
70. Azzam Tamimi, Hamas: Unwritten Chapters, 2nd ed. (London: Hurst, 2009), p. 26.
71. Ibid.
72. fi ‘uyun mu‘asira, pp. 203–204.
73. Tomsen, The Wars of Afghanistan, p. 193. 74. Author’s interview with Abd Rabb al-Rasul Sayyaf, Paghman, 8 December 2017.
75. Author’s interview with Abu Harith, Amman, 8 May 2008.
76. Abu Hilala, awwal al-afghan al-‘arab, at 21’35’’ ff.
77. Amir, al-shaykh al-mujahid, p. 165.
78. Jarrar, al-shahid, pp. 22–23.
81. Amina Qutb, ‘risala min amina qutb ila umm muhammad’ [Letter from Amina Qutb to Umm Muhammad], in fi ‘uyun mu‘asira, pp. 325–327. The letter was originally published in al-Mujtama‘ magazine in 1990.
86. Ibid.
87. Azzam, ‘athar al-namadhij al-hayya’.
88. Jarrar, al-shahid, p. 23; author’s interview with Fayiz Azzam, al-Sila al-Harithiyya, 4 May 2008.
90. fi ‘uyun mu‘asira, p. 481.
91. Abu Hilala, awwal al-afghan al-‘arab, at 23’20’’ ff.
92. fi ‘uyun mu‘asira, p. 22; Aziz, ‘‘abdallah ‘azzam wa juhuduhu’, p. 153.
94. Author’s interview with Muhammad Sawalha, London, 1 December 2015.
95. Author’s interview with Muhammad Sawalha, London, 1 December 2015.
96. Author’s interview with Muhammad Sawalha, London, 1 December 2015.
97. Azzam, al-duktur al-shahid, p. 247.
99. Author’s interview with Jamal Isma‘il, Islamabad, 18 March 2008; author’s interview with Muhammad al-Sawalha, London, 1 December 2015. Azzam, al-duktur al-shahid, p. 76.
100. Email correspondence with Jihan Bakeer via her daughter Sumayya Doqa, 10 July 2009.
101. Jarrar, al-shahid, p. 32.
102. Ibid., p. 76; author’s interview with Muhammad al-Sawalha, London, 1 December 2015.
103. Jarrar, al-shahid, p. 89.
104. Author’s interview with Muhammad Zaki Hussain, Amman, 27 June 2018.
105. Abu Hilala, awwal al-afghan al-‘arab, at 23’20’’ ff.
106. Ibid., at 23’20’’ ff.
107. Ibid., at 23’42’’ ff.
108. Ibid., at 24’00’’ ff.
109. fi ‘uyun mu‘asira, p. 168.
110. Jarrar, al-shahid, p. 23.
111. fi ‘uyun mu‘asira, p. 203.
112. Kazim Ayish, interviewed in Abu Hilala, awwal al-afghan al-‘arab, at 22’42’’ ff.
113. ‘UJ’s Successive Presidents: Ishaq al-Farhan’.
114. Abu Hilala, awwal al-afghan al-‘arab, at 26’00’’ ff. ‘al-rajul alladhi ghayyara majra al-intifada’ [The Man who Changed the Course of the Intifada], n.d.
115. Abu Hilala, awwal al-afghan al-‘arab, at 24’35’’ ff.
116. Azzam, al-duktur al-shahid, p. 33.
117. Aziz, ‘‘abdallah ‘azzam wa juhuduhu’, p. 166.
118. Jarrar, al-shahid, pp. 25–26.
119. ‘The Words of Abdallah Azzam’, p. 38.
120. Ibid., p. 48.
121. Ibid., pp. 36–37.
The Caravan 
![Abdallah Azzam, ‘ibar wa basa’ir li’l-jihad fi’l-‘asr al-hadir [Lessons and Insights on Jihad in the Current Age], 2nd ed. (Amman: Maktabat al-Risala al-Haditha, 1987), p. 108](https://azzambooknet.files.wordpress.com/2019/09/ibar-pp.-108-109.jpeg){kind=link}
