1. mawsu‘at al-dhakha’ir, vol. 4, p. 786.
2. [no reference]
3. Edgar O’Ballance, Arab Guerilla Power, 1967–1972 ([Hamden, CT]: Archon Books, 1973), pp. 18–19.
4. Sayigh, Armed Struggle, p. 175.
5. Ibid., pp. 178–179; Clinton Bailey, Jordan’s Palestinian Challenge 1948–1983: A Political History (Boulder: Westview, 1984), p. 37; O’Ballance, Arab Guerilla Power, pp. 46–49; Cooley, Green March, Black September, pp. 100–102.
6. Sayigh, Armed Struggle, p. 181.
7. Ibid., pp. 180–182. Abu Iyad and Eric Rouleau, My Home, My Land: A Narrative of the Palestinian Struggle (New York: Times Books, 1981), p. 68.
8. Sayigh, Armed Struggle, p. 202.
9. Ibid., p. 226; Zvi Elpeleg, The Grand Mufti: Haj Amin al-Hussaini, Founder of the Palestinian National Movement (London: Routledge, 1993), pp. 155–156.
10. Cooley, Green March, Black September; O’Ballance, Arab Guerilla Power; Riad El-Rayyes and Dunia Nahas, Guerrillas for Palestine (London: Croom Helm, 1976).
11. Bailey, Jordan’s Palestinian Challenge, p. 33; O’Ballance, Arab Guerilla Power, p. 60.
12. ‘qawa‘id al-shuyukh’ [The Bases of the Shaykhs], Youtube, n.d., , at 6’25’’ (uploaded 12 June 2015, accessed 28 January 2016).
13. Ibrahim Ghusheh, The Red Minaret: Memoirs of Ibrahim Ghusheh (Ex-Spokesman of Hamas) (Beirut: al-Zaytouna Centre for Studies and Consultations, 2013), pp. 94–96.
14. Abdallah Abu Izza, ma‘ al-haraka al-islamiyya fi’l-duwal al-‘arabiyya [With the Islamic Movement in the Arab States] (Kuwait: Dar al-Qalam, 1986), pp. 55 ff.
15. Ibid.
16. [no reference]
17. Ghusheh, The Red Minaret, pp. 94–96.
18. Jarrar, al-shahid, p. 58; al-Nahawi, ‘abdallah ‘azzam, p. 63.
19. ‘qawa‘id al-shuyukh’, at 6’25’’.
21. Ghusheh, The Red Minaret, pp. 94–96.
22. Azzam, al-duktur al-shahid, p. 29.
23. Abu Izza, ma‘ al-haraka al-islamiyya, p. 59.
24. Azzam, hamas, p. 71; ibid., p. 73; Jarrar, al-shahid, p. 65.
25. Azzam, hamas, p. 69.
26. Abu Hilala, awwal al-afghan al-‘arab, at 17’30’’ ff. Al-Ubaydi, jama‘at al-ikhwan, p. 187.
27. Mshari al-Zaydi, ‘History of the Jordanian Muslim Brotherhood (Part 1)’, al-Sharq al-Awsat English Online, 27 December 2005.
28. Jarrar, al-shahid, p. 59; Ziyad Abu Ghanima, al-haraka al-islamiyya wa qadiyat filastin [The Islamic Movement and the Palestine Issue] (Amman: Dar al-Furqan, 1989), p. 126.
29. Azzam, hamas, p. 69; fi ‘uyun mu‘asira, p. 17.
30. Azzam, hamas, p. 70.
31. Lia, Architect of Global Jihad, pp. 41–42, 72.
32. Ibid., p. 42.
33. al-Wa‘i, mawsu‘at shuhada’, pp. 222–223.
34. Author’s interview with Isam al-Attar, Aachen, 16 December 2009.
35. Batatu, ‘Syria’s Muslim Brethren’, p. 19; Lefèvre, Ashes of Hama, p. 142.
36. Author’s interview with Isam al-Attar, Aachen, 16 December 2009.
38. ‘qawa‘id al-shuyukh’; fi ‘uyun mu‘asira, pp. 19, 43, and 196; Amir, al-shaykh al-mujahid, pp. 169–171; ibid., pp. 164–166.
39. al-Bunyan al-Marsus no. 30 (February 1990), p. 13.
40. Author’s email correspondence with Abdallah Abu Nabah (a pupil at al-Taj in 1967), 26 May 2010.
41. Abu Rumman and Sa‘id, al-‘alim, p. 85.
42. Azzam, al-duktur al-shahid, p. 29. Abu Mujahid, al-shahid, p. 2.
44. al-Bunyan al-Marsus no. 30 (February 1990), p. 14.
45. Abu Mujahid, al-shahid, pp. 2–3. Jarrar, al-shahid, p. 59.
46. fi ‘uyun mu‘asira, p. 426.
47. Abu Mujahid, al-shahid, p. 3.
48. Jarrar, al-shahid, pp. 60–61.
49. Ibid., p. 58.
50. Gérard Chaliand, The Palestinian Resistance (London: Penguin, 1972), pp. 108–110.
51. Azzam, ‘dhikrayat filastin’, p. 3.
52. Ghusheh, The Red Minaret, pp. 94–96.
53. Abu Hilala, awwal al-afghan al-‘arab.
54. Chaliand, The Palestinian Resistance, pp. 97–98.
55. Ibid., p. 89.
57. Ghusheh, The Red Minaret, pp. 94–96.
59. fi ‘uyun mu‘asira, p. 203.
60. Ghusheh, The Red Minaret, pp. 94–96.
61. Azzam, al-duktur al-shahid, p. 29.
62. Abu Hilala, awwal al-afghan al-‘arab, at 18’15’’.
63. [no reference]
64. Azzam, hamas, p. 71.
65. Ibid.
66. Ibid.
67. Ibid., p. 72.
68. Ibid., p. 73; Jarrar, al-shahid, p. 65.
69. Azzam, hamas, p. 72.
71. Azzam, hamas, p. 72.
72. Ibid., p. 58.
74. Ibid., p. 63.
75. fi ‘uyun mu‘asira, pp. 87–88.
76. Abu Izza, ma‘ al-haraka al-islamiyya, p. 59.
77. Bailey, Jordan’s Palestinian Challenge, p. 61.
78. Azzam, hamas, p. 75.
79. Azzam, al-duktur al-shahid, p. 30.
81. Author’s interview with Fayiz Azzam, al-Sila al-Harithiyya, 4 May 2008.
82. Azzam, hamas, p. 74.
83. Stefan Aust, Baader–Meinhof: The Inside Story of the RAF, trans. Anthea Bell (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009), pp. 65–75.
84. Gunnar Ekberg, De ska ju ändå dö: Tio år i svensk underrättelsetjänst [They’re Going toDie Anyway: Ten Years in Swedish Foreign Intelligence] (Stockholm: Fischer & Company, 2009), pp. 156–167 and 195–213.
86. Ibid., p. 70.
87. Azzam, al-duktur al-shahid, p. 18.
88. Azzam, hamas, p. 70.
89. Paul Thomas Chamberlin, The Global Offensive: The United States, the Palestine Liberation Organization, and the Making of the Post-Cold War Order (New York: Oxford University Press, 2015), pp. 108–141. O’Ballance, Arab Guerilla Power, p. 137 ff.; and Bailey, Jordan’s Palestinian Challenge, pp. 49 ff.
91. al-Zaydi, ‘History (Part 1)’.
92. Azzam, hamas, pp. 72–73.
93. Azzam, ‘dhikrayat filastin’, p. 4. Azzam, hamas, p. 49.
94. Azzam, hamas, pp. 49–50.
95. Azzam, ‘dhikrayat filastin’, p. 4.
96. Azzam, fi zilal, p. 89; see also Azzam, al-duktur al-shahid, p. 120.
97. ‘Sheikh Abdullah Azzam’; See also Fighel, ‘Sheikh Abdullah Azzam’; Azzam, al-duktur al-shahid; p. 32.
98. Author’s interview with Fayiz Azzam, al-Sila al-Harithiyya, 4 May 2008.
The Caravan 
